horrible ticking/knocking, lets of metal in the oil filter, loose rocker way out of spec, feel like its missing on a cyl or it may even sound likes its on 7 cyl with a back knock/tick.
it will be blatantly obvious if its shot. if its just starting to go, you will soon hear/see it. when they go, its generally from a roller flat spotting or a cam that wasnt harden correctly and its wearing through.
if you want to be sure, pull the lifters and look down the bore at the cam lobe. anything else is speculation and crossing fingers on first fire up. thats assuming you really think there is a bad lifter/cam. its not likely but it does and has happen.